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Most deaths related to colorectal cancer (CRC) happen because the cancer spreads (metastasizes) from where it started to other places in the body. But commonly used diagnostic tests aren’t always able to find small tumors that are outside the colon or rectum (metastatic tumors).
When tumor cells “want” to spread, they carve a path to a new location by trying to change the area around them (called the microenvironment).
Liangliang Hao, PhD, with Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, that the ideal time to find and treat the cancer is when the tumor cells are working to change their microenvironment. She's developing a tiny tool that acts like a burglar alarm that may help diagnose CRC in mice early, before the cancer spreads. It’s called PRISM, and it includes sensors designed to detect changes in urine that could be related to the spread of cancer.
Hao injects this teeny probe into the mouse’s blood. Then, this is how it should work:
The final piece of Hao’s project is working to find a treatment in mice that acts like police responding to a burglar alarm. The hope is that such a treatment will go only to where new cancer is trying to grow and stop it without affecting other parts of the body.??
PRISM might make it possible to find cancer that’s trying to spread—before it’s spread. PRISM could also become an early player in precision diagnostics, which involves using diagnostic tests on patients to identify treatment options most likely to kill the cancer.?
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